Chapter 6 - Nervous Tissue
This quiz only covers material that would be expected to be discussed in a histology laboratory.
Objectives
- Learn how to identify tissues in the nervous system
- Understand the basic structure of neurons
- Appreciate differences in the organization of neurons
General Questions
What are the two major types of cells found in nervous tissue? [+]
- Neurons - structural and functional unit of the nervous system
- Glial cells (or neuroglial cells) - supporting cells for neurons
Nervous system is divided anatomically into two major components: [+]
- Central nervous system (CNS) – consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS) – all nervous tissue outside the CNS
What are the three major parts of a neuron and their functions: [+]
- Cell body (or perikaryon, soma) – processes and integrates signals from dendrites
- Dendrites – branched processes that receive stimuli and conduct impulses toward the cell body
- Axon – single axon that conducts nerve impulses to other cells through synapses
Neurons are classified into three types based on the structure of their processes: [+]
- Bipolar - found in special sensory organs, like olfactory and vision
- Pseudounipolar (or unipolar) - sensory neurons found in dorsal root (or spinal) ganglia
- Multipolar - most common type of neuron
What are the four types of glial cells in the CNS and their major functions: [+]
- Astrocytes – many roles in support and nourishment of neurons
- Oligodendrocytes – insulate axons and form myelin sheaths around more than axon
- Microglia – specialized macrophages
- Ependymal cells – line the ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord - produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Microscope Slides
Part 1
Part 2
What is a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS called? [+]
What is another name for neurons with cell bodies in ganglia? [+]
What are the two types of glial cells in the PNS and their major functions: [+]
- Schwann cells – structure depends whether the axons are non-myelinated/myelinated
- Wrap multiple, non-myelinated axons in cytoplasmic folds
- Wrap a single, myelinated axon within a myelin sheath
- Satellite (or capsule) cells – cells that support neurons in ganglia
Part 3
What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? [+]
- Sympathetic nervous system – involved in functions requiring quick responses (i.e., stress, impending danger, and "fight or flight" response)
- Parasympathetic nervous system – regulates functions of body organs, blood vessels, and smooth muscle (i.e., "rest and digest" response)
How can you distinguish sympathetic ganglia from parasympathetic ganglia? [+]
Part 4
What are bundles of axons that extend from the CNS into the PNS called? [+]
